Biddy Mason

An enslaved woman who gained freedom, became a wealthy entrepreneur, and philanthropist in post-Civil War Los Angeles.

Biddy Mason (1818–1891) rose from slavery to become one of Los Angeles’ first Black landowners and a community benefactor. After winning her freedom in court in 1856, she worked as a nurse and midwife, saving $250 to purchase land in what is now downtown LA. Her investments grew exponentially during the real estate boom.

Mason founded the First African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1872 and supported orphanages and shelters. During droughts, she provided free water and food to the poor. Her story is commemorated at the California African American Museum.