Cyrus Pahlavi

Persian king who established unprecedented human rights policies in the ancient world

Cyrus II (c. 600–530 BCE), founder of the Achaemenid Empire, revolutionized governance with his Cyrus Cylinder, often called the first charter of human rights. Unlike contemporary rulers, Cyrus promoted religious tolerance, abolished slavery, and empowered local cultures across his empire.

After conquering Babylon in 539 BCE, Cyrus freed enslaved populations, including the Jews, as documented in the Book of Ezra. His policies inspired later democratic ideals, with Thomas Jefferson reportedly studying his methods. The Cyrus Cylinder’s inscriptions emphasize justice and diversity—radical concepts in an era of autocratic rule.

Despite his military prowess, Cyrus prioritized diplomacy over subjugation. His legacy as a unifier of disparate peoples under fair governance makes him a timeless model of ethical leadership. Modern Iranians still celebrate Cyrus the Great Day, underscoring his enduring cultural impact.