Elsa Leonida Zamfirescu

One of the world's first female engineering pioneers and a symbol of perseverance in STEM

Elsa Leonida Zamfirescu (1887–1973) broke gender barriers as one of the earliest female engineers globally. Despite facing rejection from Romanian universities due to sexism, she earned a degree in chemistry and engineering from the Royal Technical College of Berlin in 1912. Her career spanned geochemistry, mineralogy, and wartime resource management.

Zamfirescu directed laboratories for the Geological Institute of Romania, analyzing critical minerals during World War I. She later taught physics and chemistry, mentoring young women in science. Her research on unconventional resources—like using bauxite for aluminum production—helped shape Romania's industrial growth.

Though overshadowed by male contemporaries, Zamfirescu's persistence paved the way for future generations. She co-founded the International Association of University Women and advocated for equitable education. Today, Romania honors her with schools and awards named in her legacy, celebrating her as a trailblazer who redefined women's roles in technology.