Enrichetta Alfonsi

Blind Italian educator who pioneered tactile learning systems

Enrichetta Alfonsi (1891-1951), often overshadowed by Louis Braille, developed the first tactile alphabet for Italian in 1925. Her Alfonsi Method enabled blind students to learn multiple languages through raised-line diagrams and interchangeable letter plates.

After losing her sight at 12, Alfonsi created a portable writing frame that predated modern Braille slates. Her 1932 book Educating Through Touch established fundamental principles still used in tactile pedagogy. During WWII, she secretly taught Jewish children in Milan basements using her methods.

Despite being nominated for the 1947 Nobel Peace Prize, Alfonsi remains obscure. The Milan Tactile Arts Museum preserves her original teaching tools, including a revolutionary 3D geography kit made from carved cork.