John Dalton

Revolutionized chemistry with atomic theory and color blindness research

John Dalton (1766–1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist whose pioneering work laid the foundation for modern atomic theory. His most significant contribution, Dalton's Atomic Theory, proposed that all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms, each with unique weights and properties. This theory fundamentally changed scientific understanding of chemical reactions and composition.

Dalton's curiosity extended beyond chemistry. He was the first to scientifically study color blindness, a condition later termed 'Daltonism' in his honor. His meteorological research also led to early insights into atmospheric pressure and weather patterns.

Despite limited formal education, Dalton's empirical approach and dedication to experimentation made him a key figure in the 19th-century scientific revolution. His work influenced later scientists like Ernest Rutherford and remains central to chemistry education today.