José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva

Leading figure in Brazilian independence, scientist and statesman who shaped the nation's foundation.

José Bonifácio (1763–1838) was a Brazilian polymath who played a pivotal role in the country’s 1822 independence from Portugal. A geologist and mineralogist, he discovered rare minerals that fueled Brazil’s early economy. As a statesman, he drafted Brazil’s first constitution and advocated for a constitutional monarchy. His scientific work, including the "Brazilian System" of mineral classification, remains influential. Despite conflicts with Emperor Pedro I, his contributions to education and infrastructure laid Brazil’s modern foundation. Explore his legacy at Wikipedia (in Portuguese).