María Teresa Ruiz

Chilean astronomer who discovered the first brown dwarf and advanced women in science

María Teresa Ruiz (born 1946) is a groundbreaking Chilean astronomer whose discoveries and advocacy have reshaped our understanding of the universe and gender roles in science. In 1997, she identified Kelu 1, the first brown dwarf (a 'failed star') ever observed, a discovery that challenged existing astrophysical models.

As the first woman to earn a PhD in astrophysics at Princeton University, Ruiz faced systemic barriers. She later became a professor at the University of Chile, establishing the Center for Astrophysics and Related Technologies. Her work helped position Chile as a global hub for astronomical observation due to its clear skies.

Beyond research, Ruiz founded the Jóvenes Líderes en Astronomía program to mentor underprivileged girls in STEM. Her book Hijos de las Estrellas (Children of the Stars) popularized astronomy across Latin America. In 2018, she received Chile's National Prize for Exact Sciences – only the second woman ever honored.