Mary Edwards Walker

A trailblazing surgeon, women's rights advocate, and the only female Medal of Honor recipient in U.S. history.

Mary Edwards Walker (1832–1919) remains one of the most unconventional figures in American history. As a pioneering surgeon, abolitionist, and feminist, she defied societal norms to make a difference in medicine and gender equality. During the Civil War, she volunteered as a civilian surgeon for the Union Army, often crossing battle lines to treat wounded soldiers. Despite facing skepticism due to her gender, she became the first female U.S. Army surgeon.

Walker’s unyielding commitment to women’s rights was revolutionary. She famously wore trousers, refused traditional female attire, and was arrested multiple times for ‘impersonating a man.’ Her 1871 speech, ‘The Reform Dress’, challenged Victorian fashion constraints. She also campaigned for suffrage, co-founding the National Woman Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony.

In 1865, Walker received the Medal of Honor for her medical service—awarded despite her civilian status. Though revoked in 1917 (later reinstated posthumously), this honor underscores her extraordinary impact. Her legacy lives on in modern discussions about gender roles and military recognition.