Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

Founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, challenging mainstream Islamic doctrines with a message of peaceful reform

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908) emerged as a revolutionary figure in colonial India, advocating for a reinterpretation of Islam that emphasized non-violence, rational discourse, and interfaith harmony. Unlike traditional Muslim leaders, he claimed to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, a position that stirred controversy but also inspired millions.

His seminal work, The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, redefined jihad as a spiritual struggle rather than physical warfare, directly countering extremist ideologies. He established the Ahmadiyya Community in 1889, which now spans over 200 countries, promoting education and humanitarian aid. Despite persecution, his followers continue to champion his vision of Islam as a religion of peace.