Mulugeta Mandefro

Ethiopian IT and telecommunications pioneer who revolutionized digital infrastructure in Africa

Mulugeta Mandefro (born 1948) is a visionary Ethiopian engineer and entrepreneur who played a pivotal role in establishing Ethiopia's modern telecommunications infrastructure. During the 1980s and 1990s, he led the development of Ethio Telecom, Ethiopia's state-owned telecommunications company, which became a cornerstone for the country's digital transformation. His work laid the groundwork for Ethiopia's transition from analog to digital communication systems, enabling widespread access to telephony and later internet services.

Despite facing significant challenges such as limited resources and political instability, Mandefro pioneered projects like the first fiber-optic cable network in East Africa through the East Africa Submarine Cable System (EASSy)', drastically reducing internet costs and expanding connectivity. His innovations also extended to mobile networks, helping Ethiopia leapfrog traditional landline infrastructure to embrace mobile technology early on.

Mandefro's contributions were recognized globally, including by the African Telecommunications Union. His legacy persists through initiatives like the International Telecommunication Union's partnerships in digital inclusion programs across Africa. Today, his vision continues to inspire tech leaders in underdeveloped regions to bridge the digital divide.