Sarah Breedlove

First female self-made millionaire in America who revolutionized Black haircare

Known as Madam C.J. Walker (1867-1919), Sarah Breedlove rose from poverty as a daughter of formerly enslaved parents to create a cosmetic empire that empowered African American women. Her development of specialized hair care products addressed specific needs ignored by mainstream markets, creating economic opportunities for thousands of Black women through direct sales.

At a time when Jim Crow laws restricted Black Americans' opportunities, Walker built a workforce of 25,000+ agents. She pioneered philanthropic business practices, funding scholarships and anti-lynching campaigns. Her Villa Lewaro mansion became a gathering place for Harlem Renaissance leaders, demonstrating Black entrepreneurial success against systemic racism.