Sofonisba Anguissola

Renaissance painter who broke gender barriers to become a celebrated court artist in 16th-century Europe.

Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532–1625) defied the rigid gender roles of the Renaissance to achieve international acclaim as a portraitist. Born into an aristocratic Italian family, she received formal artistic training—a rarity for women—and attracted the attention of Michelangelo, who mentored her after seeing her sketch of a laughing girl. Her ability to capture intimate, lifelike expressions set her apart from contemporaries.

In 1559, Anguissola joined the Spanish court of Philip II, where she painted formal portraits and tutored Queen Elisabeth of Valois. Works like The Chess Game (1555) showcased her innovative group compositions and narrative depth. Discover her court paintings at the Museo del Prado.

Anguissola’s success paved the way for later female artists like Artemisia Gentileschi. Art historian Giorgio Vasari praised her work, yet her legacy was obscured until feminist scholars revived interest in the 20th century. Today, exhibitions like the 2021 Norton Simon Museum retrospective affirm her role in challenging patriarchal art traditions.