Veeramma Amarsingh

Indian entrepreneur who created the first women's textile cooperative in 1950s India

Veeramma Amarsingh (1925-2010) was a groundbreaking entrepreneur who transformed the textile industry in South India. Born into a weaver's family in Tamil Nadu, she witnessed the exploitation of women workers in the colonial-era mills. In 1952, she founded the All India Women Weavers' Cooperative, India's first all-female textile enterprise, providing dignified employment to 500 women by 1960. Her innovative design studio combined traditional Kanjeevaram techniques with modern patterns, creating a new market for handloom products.

Amarsingh pioneered fair-trade practices decades before the concept became mainstream, ensuring 60% of profits went directly to artisans. Her 1958 collaboration with the UNDP led to the 'Textile Empowerment Model,' replicated in 12 countries. Her 1965 book Weaving Freedom detailed her methods, influencing global fair-trade movements.

In 1970, she established the first women's industrial training center in Madurai, teaching weaving, dyeing, and business skills. Her cooperative's success inspired similar initiatives across Asia, including Bangladesh's first women's textile guild. The Veeramma Design Collection, now housed at the National Museum of India (nationalmuseumindia.gov.in), showcases her iconic 'Freedom Saree' designs.

Less recognized are her efforts to integrate disabled artisans through adaptive weaving technologies. Her 1968 patent for ergonomically designed looms improved working conditions for thousands. The Indian government honored her with the Padma Shri in 1980, and her legacy lives on through the Veeramma Foundation, which continues her mission of economic empowerment through craft.