Hassan Fahmy

A 19th-century Egyptian chemist who pioneered textile innovations that transformed industrial practices in the Arab world.

Hassan Fahmy (1820–1895) was an Egyptian chemist and inventor whose groundbreaking work in textile dyeing techniques revolutionized the industry during the 19th century. Born in Alexandria, Fahmy studied chemistry in Paris, where he became fascinated by the potential of synthetic dyes to replace traditional methods. Upon returning to Egypt, he developed a cost-effective process to produce indigo-based dyes using locally sourced materials, reducing reliance on imported European chemicals. His innovations not only boosted Egypt's textile exports but also inspired similar advancements across North Africa and the Middle East.

Fahmy's most notable contribution was the "Fahmy Method," a chemical process that stabilized dye colors and made them resistant to fading. This technique was adopted by factories in Cairo, Alexandria, and later in Beirut, significantly increasing the durability and marketability of Egyptian textiles. His work also had broader implications for the economy, as it reduced production costs and created new job opportunities in dyeing and chemical manufacturing.

In addition to his technical contributions, Fahmy was a vocal advocate for scientific education in Egypt. He established the first chemistry laboratory at the Egyptian Institute of Technology, training generations of engineers and chemists. His legacy is preserved in the Egyptian National Museum of Science, where his original dye samples and equipment are displayed.