Inge Lehmann

Seismologist who discovered Earth's inner core, reshaping our understanding of planetary structure.

Inge Lehmann (1888–1993) was a Danish seismologist whose discovery of Earth's inner core in 1936 revolutionized geophysics. Born in Copenhagen, Lehmann challenged gender norms in science, becoming one of the few female seismologists of her era. Her analysis of seismic wave data revealed a solid inner core within the molten outer core, a finding that contradicted previous assumptions about Earth's composition.

Lehmann's breakthrough came from studying earthquake seismic waves, particularly P-waves that deflected unexpectedly at certain depths. She proposed a layered core model in her seminal paper, 'P' (1936), which was later confirmed by advanced technologies. Her work laid the foundation for modern geodynamic studies and influenced research on planetary formation.

Beyond her core discovery, Lehmann advanced seismic instrumentation and advocated for global data sharing among scientists. She received numerous accolades, including the American Geophysical Union's William Bowie Medal in 1971. Despite retiring in 1953, she remained active in research until her 90s.

Lehmann's legacy is immortalized in the Lehmann discontinuity, a seismic boundary in Earth's mantle. Her perseverance in a male-dominated field and rigorous analytical approach exemplify how curiosity and precision can uncover profound truths about our planet.